Raphus cucullatus

were relatively fragile and therefore could not be used until the prey was completely still

with a series of horns and bumps on its head that make it unmistakable

It is believed that this crest had several functions

Inostrancevia alexandri Edaphosaurus Raphus cucullatusInostrancevia alexandri, an extinct species of gorgonopsid therapsid that inhabited Earth during the Permian period, approximately 270 to 260 million years ago. It was a large predator that ranked high in the food chain of its ecosystem. This therapsid belonged to the group of gorgonopsids, a family of carnivores that were characterized by their developed fangs and their appearance similar to that of reptiles, although they were more closely related